今年4月22日是第五十六个世界地球日，活动主题是“珍爱地球  人与自然和谐共生”。

On this day, let's turn our attention to nature - in the early morning of Wuliangsuhai in Inner Mongolia, the blue waves ripple gently in the wind, and a flock of red-headed gulls sweep through the reeds; In Maqu, Gansu, where yaks step across the green carpet-like meadows, the Yellow River meanders eastward in the distance; Among the hills in the southern part of Jiangxi, the plank roads and laughter of tourists are dotted with layers of green......

These beautiful scenes are inseparable from the efforts of the integrated protection and restoration project of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands (hereinafter referred to as the "landscape project").

How to solve ecological problems such as soil erosion, agricultural non-point source pollution, and wetland degradation in some places? planting trees, planting grasses, fixing sand, and improving the quality of vegetation...... Shanshui projects are dealt with one by one to make our earth more beautiful.

Focusing on the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other national ecological security barriers, China has coordinated the seven elements of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grasses and sands, implemented 5 batches of 0 landscape projects, involving 0 provinces, and issued a total of 00 million yuan of central financial funds.

　　山水工程交出厚厚的生态账本：截至2024年底，52个山水工程累计完成治理面积超830万公顷，其中包括255万公顷森林草原、130万公顷水土流失地、10.7万公顷矿山修复地等，累计完成生态修复面积超1.2亿亩。

　　山水工程入选联合国首批世界十大生态恢复旗舰项目，被联合国环境署评价为全世界最有希望、最具雄心、最鼓舞人心的大尺度生态修复范例之一。

The Shanshui Project has written a magnificent chapter of making the earth more and more beautiful, and China is proving with its actions that protecting the earth is not only a responsibility of the present, but also a commitment to the future.

Jiangxi Yudu collapsed hill landform

[Once]

The soil and rocks on the hillside are separated, collapsed and piled up under the action of gravity and hydraulics, forming small "hills", which are called "landslides". Weathered granite debris peels off layer by layer, and the rocks are jagged. Whenever the rainstorm pours, muddy mudslides rush down. Soil erosion in mountainous areas is serious, rural domestic sewage is directly discharged, some water bodies are seriously polluted, soil erosion and degradation are insufficient, and fertility is insufficient. (See Figure (1))

[Fix]

afforestation in mountainous areas, closure of mountains for afforestation, and restoration of vegetation; Terraces were built, water-saving irrigation techniques were promoted, and soil erosion on slopes was reduced. construction of sewage treatment facilities in rural areas; Purification of polluted water bodies. Harness the river, plant aquatic plants, and build ecological slope protection. soil treatment and soil consolidation through engineering measures such as retaining walls; Apply organic fertilizer, etc. to achieve soil fertilization.

[Now]

Metasequoia and camphor form a green barrier on the mountaintop, and the roots lock in the soil. By the river, calamus is swaying, and the new lotus is stretching its leaves.

The vegetation coverage in mountainous areas has been improved, and soil erosion has been reduced. The pollution of rural water bodies has been significantly reduced; The ecological self-purification capacity of the river has been restored, the water quality has been improved, and the biodiversity has been enhanced; Soil erosion was controlled and organic matter content increased. (See Figure (2))

Courtesy of Jiangxi Yudu County Natural Resources Bureau

Farmland ecosystem in Shishou, Hubei Province

[Once]

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused pollution to water bodies and soils. The nitrogen and phosphorus in chemical fertilizers are fed into rivers and lakes through surface runoff, causing eutrophication of surrounding water bodies, affecting aquatic animals, soil animals, microorganisms, etc. around farmland, resulting in the destruction of species diversity and hindering the stability of farmland biological chains.

Large areas of farmland have replaced ecological space, resulting in the fragmentation of natural habitats, the weakening of connectivity and richness, the significant shrinkage of biological habitats, the degradation of habitats, and the decline of ecosystem quality, and land degradation has affected land productivity and agricultural product quality. (See Figure (3))

[Fix]

Restore the natural fertility of the soil, adopt the duck-frog-rice synergistic planting and breeding model, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides in paddy fields through the mutual relationship between organisms, and improve the value of ecological products. Restore and reconstruct ecological islands, ecological corridors, and biological chains, provide ecological space for organisms to live, reproduce and migrate, and build a farmland ecological network system and improve farmland ecosystem functions through a series of engineering measures for farmland ecological restoration.

[Now]

The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farmland is reduced, the soil quality is improved, the farmland ecosystem is strengthened, the material cycle in the region is enhanced, the ability of agricultural production to resist natural disasters is effectively improved, the harm of natural disasters to agricultural production is reduced, and the stability of the ecosystem is significantly enhanced. (See Figure (4))

Courtesy of the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Shishou City, Hubei Province

Inner Mongolia Bayannur Wuliang Suhai

[Once]

Due to the small amount of natural water replenishment, the growth of aquatic plants, and agricultural non-point source pollution, the lake surface has shrunk and the eutrophication of the water body is serious. The reeds rot and settle to pollute the lake and raise the bottom of the lake. The large-scale growth of reeds affects the hydrodynamic conditions of the lake area, and it is easy to form anaerobic and anoxic environments in stagnant areas, and organic matter fermentation aggravates water pollution. (See Figure (5))

[Fix]

The introduction of social capital to participate in the ecological environment governance, the financial investment of 30 million yuan, the introduction of social capital investment of 00 million yuan, at the same time, the construction party according to the market price to purchase Wuliangsuhai and the surrounding cleaned and harvested reeds in the lake area, to achieve the resource utilization of reeds in Wuliangsuhai area.

[Now]

The endogenous pollution in the lake area was reduced, the eutrophication status of the water body was improved, and the overall water quality of the lake area reached the class V standard of surface water, and the water quality of the local area reached the class IV standard.

　　湖区生物多样性明显提升，目前共有鱼类20多种，鸟类260多种600多万只。2023年12月，乌梁素海入选国家重要湿地名录。（见图⑥）

Courtesy of the Natural Resources Bureau of Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia

Gansu Gannan Yellow River wetland

[Once]

In the early days, mineral development and road construction caused varying degrees of damage to the land, with serious degradation of grasslands, a decrease in vegetation coverage, a decrease in soil fertility, a decrease in wetland area, and an imbalance in the ecosystem. (See Figure (7))

[Fix]

Restore degraded grassland wetlands, prevent and control rodent pests, artificially replant weeping grass, cold ground early maturing grass, etc., sow organic fertilizer, and carry out later management and protection. Restore woodland, plant native tree species such as spruce, and build fences to protect seedlings. Repair mines, reshape topography, restore land and vegetation.

[Now]

Water conservation capacity has been greatly improved, and forests, grasslands and wetlands absorb and store large amounts of water, regulating the regional water cycle.

The wetland ecosystem has been gradually restored, the biodiversity has become increasingly rich, a stable and harmonious ecological community has been formed, and the trend of regional ecological degradation has been effectively curbed. (See Figure (8))

Photo courtesy of the Natural Resources Bureau of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province

Aciman Lake, Aksu, Xinjiang

[Once]

Surface water is overused, ecological water is crowded, water area is shrinking, surrounding vegetation is degraded, and land desertification is exacerbated. A large amount of agricultural drainage with high salinity affects the growth of coastal vegetation. The farmland shelterbelt network is not perfect, the existing forest belt is seriously degraded, and the surrounding desertification is aggravated. (See Figure (9))

[Fix]

Unconventional water should be used as an important source of ecological water, artificial afforestation should be carried out to promote vegetation restoration, improve the farmland forest network system, and establish an ecological barrier at the edge of the oasis. On the basis of consolidating the existing oases, reduce human activities in closed areas, strengthen the tending and management of forests and grasses, and the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and promote the growth of desert vegetation.

[Now]

The ecological service functions of Aciman Lake, such as water conservation, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and biodiversity maintenance, have been continuously improved, and the quality of the ecological environment has been significantly improved.

　　阿克苏绿洲南侧筑起绿色屏障，湖泊湿地生态环境明显恢复。（见图⑩）

Courtesy of the Bureau of Natural Resources of Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang

Shandong Linyi Shuanggu River Basin

[Once]

The forest tree species are mainly oriental cypress, black pine, red pine, etc., and the area of coniferous tree species accounts for nearly 80%, and the tree species are single. The density of trees is high, and the light transmittance and ventilation are poor, which on the one hand leads to the drying of the middle and lower branches of some trees, and even the death of some trees; On the other hand, the shrub and grass coverage of the understory of the forest is reduced, the biodiversity is reduced, and the water conservation and soil and water conservation functions of the forest are weakened. (See Figure (11))

[Fix]

Cut down the dead, diseased and some weak trees in the forest, reduce the density of trees, and make the forest more transparent and ventilated.

In the process of felling trees, a small number of scattered broad-leaved trees were retained to enrich the tree species structure. planting native tree species such as oak and tassel trees in the open space or large intervals between trees in the forest; Remove excess shrubs to provide space for other shrubs and grasses in the understory of the tree.

[Now]

The horizontal space presents a mixture of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species, and the longitudinal space presents the characteristics of multi-layer structure of arbor layer, shrub layer and herbaceous layer, the forest density is reasonable, the hierarchical structure is stable, and the forest ecosystem is healthy and the ecological function is complete. (See Figure (12))

Courtesy of the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Linyi City, Shandong Province