Zhou Wen

秸秆防晒、测土调温、自动补水、菌丝舒展……4月11日，湖北省十堰市郧西县香口乡种植大棚里，黑色遮阳网下，细长的竹荪菌丝正舒展攀爬。湖北某农业科技公司负责人方先生穿梭其间，紧盯温湿度检测仪，指尖轻点便启动喷灌系统为菌床精准补水。

一个月后，这些被称为“雪裙仙子”的竹荪将头戴翠顶、身披白裙、脚蹬红靴破土而出，以“菌菜接力”模式实现亩均增收超2万元，成为撬动乡村致富的“金仙子”。

据介绍，120亩菌菜轮作区，3月中旬完成下种，预计5月底迎来首轮采收。单季亩产鲜品可达1800斤，全周期采摘量超20万斤。按照10:1的烘干比例，可制干菌超2万斤，当前市场均价超过150元，收益十分可观。

Workers tidy up the bamboos. Photo by Gan Xiaoyan

作为十堰“菜篮子”核心产区，香口乡3400亩设施蔬菜基地年保供量达7.5万吨。返乡创业的方才新流转200亩土地建成120座智能大棚，瞄准冬季棚闲期创新推出“菌菜轮作”模式，去年首试100亩竹荪轮作便大获成功。

“菌菜轮作可不是简单换茬。”方先生谈起核心技术时表示，在郧西国家菌草研究中心科创引领下，团队形成了标准化生产流程：3月上旬对大棚土壤高温消毒后下种竹荪，10月初采收完毕即无缝衔接雪里蕻种植，次年3月完成雪里蕻采收，实现“一棚两季、一地双收”的产业倍增效应。

Mushroom fertilizer vegetables, vegetable fungus. This crop rotation method forms a natural ecological complement - the antibacterial substances secreted by the roots of the snow fern create a clean growth environment for the bamboo sun, and the bamboo residue is turned into natural organic fertilizer after returning to the field, which not only improves soil fertility, reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer, but also inhibits pests and diseases from the source, and truly realizes the virtuous cycle of "bacterial fertilizer vegetables, vegetable fungus".

The subtlety of this model also lies in the "turning waste into treasure" of agricultural waste. The base material of Zhusun is made of scientific ratio of straw, waste fungus sticks and Juncao, and forms a nutrient-rich ecological medium after fermentation. The consumption per mu in a single season is 1000 to 0 tons, and the annual consumption of agricultural waste is more than 0 tons. At the end of autumn, the fungus residue is returned to the field and turned into natural organic fertilizer, which not only improves the quality of Bamboo Sun, but also reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer, inhibits pests and diseases, and achieves a "win-win" situation of cost reduction, efficiency increase and ecological protection.

Workers process the base material (waste fungus sticks). Photo by Gan Xiaoyan

This year, Mr. Fang also opened up a 80 acres understory experimental field on the original basis, using the natural shading advantages of trees to innovate a new model of "mushroom rotation" of "Agaricus globulus + Bamboo Sun", so that the understory humus can become a natural nutrient reservoir for the growth of fungi and further tap the potential of land output.

小菌菇撑起富民大产业，作为湖北省重点产业链之一，郧西县近年来聚焦食用菌全产业链延链补链，持续优化营商环境、集聚技术创新资源，形成了以香菇“一马当先”，平菇、竹荪、大球盖菇、羊肚菌等多品种“百花齐放”的产业格局，实现“周年生产、全年上市”的全天候供应体系。2025年首季数据显示，该县食用菌种植规模已达4500万袋，鲜菇产量3.16万吨，带动综合产值突破13亿元，实现首季“开门红”。(邹景根 甘晓燕 陈菲)